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Alstonia macrophylla

Wall. ex G.Don (1837)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae Genus: Alstonia

devil tree, deviltree

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees to 20 m tall, latex present.

Stems: Bark smooth, branches nearly 4–angled.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4. Blades narrowly obovate or narrowly elliptic, 10–53 X 4–19 cm. Apex usually acuminate. Upper surfaces pubescent; Blades leathery. Margins entire. Lateral veins 16–33 pairs, at 60–70° to midvein, ending in a marginal vein. Petioles 1–4 cm.

Flowers: Flowers in cymes terminal, 3–branched, 5–9 together, pubescent; peduncle 4–6 cm. pedicel 4–5 mm. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx without glands inside, lobes connate at base. Corolla salverform, tube cylindric, dilated in distal half, pubescent inside, tube slightly longer than lobes, 4.5–6 mm; lobes overlapping to right, ciliate; disc absent. Stamens 5, included; anthers ovate, free from pistil head, not caudate. Ovary superior, 2, distinct, glabrous; ovules numerous.

Fruit: Follicles 2; linear; to 61 cm X 2–5 mm. Seeds pubescent; ends with deltoid wings; with long stiff hairs all around; endosperm thin.

Ploidy: 2n = 22

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Only found in cultivation
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Wind

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Gen. Hist. 4: 78 (1837)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1997:51 (NEWNAT/H); Herbst et al. 2004:3 (O); Daehler & Baker 2006:12 (O); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:154 (WM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Alstonia macrophylla Lawai Valley: Lawai-Kai. Koloa District Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 3320 Kauai BISH 4/13/1989
2 Alstonia macrophylla Keaau, Mr. Shipman's place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan, L.W. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/2/1949
3 Alstonia macrophylla Schofield Barracks, South Range. Associated canopy: Falcataria moluccana, Eucalyptus robusta, Schinus terebinthifolius. Understory: Urochloa maxima. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beachy, J. USARMY 486 Oahu BISH 2/14/2018
4 Alstonia macrophylla hilo On various substrates. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN paul, d. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 3/1/1993
5 Alstonia macrophylla Wahiawa- Kaukonahua Stream, Waihi Farms. Emerging from Psidium cattleianum canopy, also growing under Albizias. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN OISC OISC2011112801 Oahu BISH 11/28/2011
6 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, forested banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church Secondary non-native vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 14629 Hawaii BISH 4/30/2011
7 Alstonia macrophylla keaau, mr. shipman's place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan, l.w. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/2/1949
8 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/5/2011
9 Alstonia macrophylla pepeekeo; mauka of hwy 19 directly across from the hilo processing co. quarry site, near entrance to d. carlsmith estate In pasture land with exotics such as guava; rose apple. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takiue, t. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 2/25/1991
10 Alstonia macrophylla hilo, forested banks of ponahowai road, opposite mormon church Secondary non-native vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. agorostis, n. collector number: 14629 Hawaii BISH 4/30/2011
11 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo On various substrates. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Paul, D. s.n. Hawaii BISH 3/1/1993
12 Alstonia macrophylla E. Maui, Kihei, Kamaole, Lioholo Pl. HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Maui HAPI 4/5/2007
13 Alstonia macrophylla East Maui, Kihei, Kamaole, Lioholo Pl HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Maui HAPI 4/5/2007
14 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, above University of Hawaii at Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/2/2016
15 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/5/2011
16 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, above University of Hawaii at Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/2/2016
17 Alstonia macrophylla - PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & N. Agorostis 14629 Hawaii HAPI 4/30/2011
18 Alstonia macrophylla Off of Likelike Hwy Growing with Dicranopteris linearis, Schefflera actinophylla, Psidium cattleianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Souza, D. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/11/2003
19 Alstonia macrophylla PRESERVED_SPECIMEN daehler, c. collector number: 1058 Hawaii BISH 2/23/2005
20 Alstonia macrophylla living collections of waimea arboretum & botanical gardens, haleiwa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN orr, d. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 3/11/1993
21 Alstonia macrophylla South Hilo District, Waiakea, Keaukaha Military Reservation Growing along jeep road through mixed native/exotic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. Collector Number: 9783a Hawaii BISH 7/5/1996
22 Alstonia macrophylla lawai valley: lawai-kai. koloa district Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 3320 Kauai BISH 4/13/1989
23 Alstonia macrophylla west maui, wailuku district, kahakuloa, camp maluhia High intertidal lava rock in between Middle Reef and West Reef PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 9810 Kauai BISH 1/21/1997
24 Alstonia macrophylla Pepeekeo; mauka of Hwy 19 directly across from the Hilo Processing Co. quarry site, near entrance to D. Carlsmith estate In pasture land with exotics such as guava; rose apple. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takiue, T. s.n. Hawaii BISH 2/25/1991
25 Alstonia macrophylla wahiawa- kaukonahua stream, waihi farms. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oisc collector number: oisc2011112801 Hawaii BISH 11/28/2011
26 Alstonia macrophylla south hilo district, waiakea, keaukaha military reservation Growing along jeep road through mixed native/exotic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 9783a Hawaii BISH 7/5/1996
27 Alstonia macrophylla off of likelike hwy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN souza, d. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 4/11/2003
28 Alstonia macrophylla Psidium cattleianum forest, along trail to second (upper) waterfall, above Lyon Arboretum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Daehler, C. 1058 Oahu BISH 2/23/2005
29 Alstonia macrophylla West Maui, Wailuku District, Kahakuloa, Camp Maluhia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 9810 Maui BISH 1/21/1997
30 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo District, South Hilo District, forest banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & N. Agorostis 14629 Hawaii US 4/30/2011
31 Alstonia macrophylla Lawai Valley. Cultivated plants of Lawai-Kai. Along tour route road just N of Phoenix House hill. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3320 Kauai PTBG 4/13/1989
32 Alstonia macrophylla Lawai Valley. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Allerton Garden. Along tour route just N of Phoenix House. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 7358 Kauai PTBG 8/8/2007
33 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, forested banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church. Secondary non-native vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14629 Hawaii PTBG 4/30/2011
34 Alstonia macrophylla hilo district, south hilo district, forest banks of ponahowai road, opposite mormon church. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & n. agorostis 14629 Hawaii US 4/30/2011
35 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo District, South Hilo District, forest banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Agorostis, N. 14629 Hawaii US 4/30/2011
36 Alstonia macrophylla Living collections of Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Gardens, Haleiwa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Orr, D. s.n. Oahu BISH 3/11/1993
37 Alstonia macrophylla Lawai Valley: Lawai-Kai. Koloa District Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 3320 Kauai BISH 4/13/1989
38 Alstonia macrophylla Keaau, Mr. Shipman's place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan, L.W. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/2/1949
39 Alstonia macrophylla Schofield Barracks, South Range. Associated canopy: Falcataria moluccana, Eucalyptus robusta, Schinus terebinthifolius. Understory: Urochloa maxima. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beachy, J. USARMY 486 Oahu BISH 2/14/2018
40 Alstonia macrophylla hilo On various substrates. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN paul, d. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 3/1/1993
41 Alstonia macrophylla Wahiawa- Kaukonahua Stream, Waihi Farms. Emerging from Psidium cattleianum canopy, also growing under Albizias. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN OISC OISC2011112801 Oahu BISH 11/28/2011
42 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, forested banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church Secondary non-native vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 14629 Hawaii BISH 4/30/2011
43 Alstonia macrophylla keaau, mr. shipman's place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan, l.w. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/2/1949
44 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/5/2011
45 Alstonia macrophylla pepeekeo; mauka of hwy 19 directly across from the hilo processing co. quarry site, near entrance to d. carlsmith estate In pasture land with exotics such as guava; rose apple. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takiue, t. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 2/25/1991
46 Alstonia macrophylla hilo, forested banks of ponahowai road, opposite mormon church Secondary non-native vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. agorostis, n. collector number: 14629 Hawaii BISH 4/30/2011
47 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo On various substrates. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Paul, D. s.n. Hawaii BISH 3/1/1993
48 Alstonia macrophylla E. Maui, Kihei, Kamaole, Lioholo Pl. HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Maui HAPI 4/5/2007
49 Alstonia macrophylla East Maui, Kihei, Kamaole, Lioholo Pl HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Maui HAPI 4/5/2007
50 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, above University of Hawaii at Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/2/2016
51 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/5/2011
52 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, above University of Hawaii at Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/2/2016
53 Alstonia macrophylla - PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & N. Agorostis 14629 Hawaii HAPI 4/30/2011
54 Alstonia macrophylla Off of Likelike Hwy Growing with Dicranopteris linearis, Schefflera actinophylla, Psidium cattleianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Souza, D. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/11/2003
55 Alstonia macrophylla PRESERVED_SPECIMEN daehler, c. collector number: 1058 Hawaii BISH 2/23/2005
56 Alstonia macrophylla living collections of waimea arboretum & botanical gardens, haleiwa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN orr, d. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 3/11/1993
57 Alstonia macrophylla South Hilo District, Waiakea, Keaukaha Military Reservation Growing along jeep road through mixed native/exotic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. Collector Number: 9783a Hawaii BISH 7/5/1996
58 Alstonia macrophylla lawai valley: lawai-kai. koloa district Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 3320 Kauai BISH 4/13/1989
59 Alstonia macrophylla west maui, wailuku district, kahakuloa, camp maluhia High intertidal lava rock in between Middle Reef and West Reef PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 9810 Kauai BISH 1/21/1997
60 Alstonia macrophylla Pepeekeo; mauka of Hwy 19 directly across from the Hilo Processing Co. quarry site, near entrance to D. Carlsmith estate In pasture land with exotics such as guava; rose apple. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takiue, T. s.n. Hawaii BISH 2/25/1991
61 Alstonia macrophylla wahiawa- kaukonahua stream, waihi farms. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oisc collector number: oisc2011112801 Hawaii BISH 11/28/2011
62 Alstonia macrophylla south hilo district, waiakea, keaukaha military reservation Growing along jeep road through mixed native/exotic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 9783a Hawaii BISH 7/5/1996
63 Alstonia macrophylla off of likelike hwy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN souza, d. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 4/11/2003
64 Alstonia macrophylla Psidium cattleianum forest, along trail to second (upper) waterfall, above Lyon Arboretum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Daehler, C. 1058 Oahu BISH 2/23/2005
65 Alstonia macrophylla West Maui, Wailuku District, Kahakuloa, Camp Maluhia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 9810 Maui BISH 1/21/1997
66 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo District, South Hilo District, forest banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & N. Agorostis 14629 Hawaii US 4/30/2011
67 Alstonia macrophylla Lawai Valley. Cultivated plants of Lawai-Kai. Along tour route road just N of Phoenix House hill. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3320 Kauai PTBG 4/13/1989
68 Alstonia macrophylla Lawai Valley. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Allerton Garden. Along tour route just N of Phoenix House. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 7358 Kauai PTBG 8/8/2007
69 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, forested banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church. Secondary non-native vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14629 Hawaii PTBG 4/30/2011
70 Alstonia macrophylla hilo district, south hilo district, forest banks of ponahowai road, opposite mormon church. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & n. agorostis 14629 Hawaii US 4/30/2011
71 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo District, South Hilo District, forest banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Agorostis, N. 14629 Hawaii US 4/30/2011
72 Alstonia macrophylla Living collections of Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Gardens, Haleiwa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Orr, D. s.n. Oahu BISH 3/11/1993
73 Alstonia macrophylla Lawai Valley: Lawai-Kai. Koloa District Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 3320 Kauai BISH 4/13/1989
74 Alstonia macrophylla Keaau, Mr. Shipman's place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bryan, L.W. s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/2/1949
75 Alstonia macrophylla Schofield Barracks, South Range. Associated canopy: Falcataria moluccana, Eucalyptus robusta, Schinus terebinthifolius. Understory: Urochloa maxima. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beachy, J. USARMY 486 Oahu BISH 2/14/2018
76 Alstonia macrophylla hilo On various substrates. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN paul, d. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 3/1/1993
77 Alstonia macrophylla Wahiawa- Kaukonahua Stream, Waihi Farms. Emerging from Psidium cattleianum canopy, also growing under Albizias. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN OISC OISC2011112801 Oahu BISH 11/28/2011
78 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, forested banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church Secondary non-native vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 14629 Hawaii BISH 4/30/2011
79 Alstonia macrophylla keaau, mr. shipman's place PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bryan, l.w. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 8/2/1949
80 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/5/2011
81 Alstonia macrophylla pepeekeo; mauka of hwy 19 directly across from the hilo processing co. quarry site, near entrance to d. carlsmith estate In pasture land with exotics such as guava; rose apple. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takiue, t. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 2/25/1991
82 Alstonia macrophylla hilo, forested banks of ponahowai road, opposite mormon church Secondary non-native vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. agorostis, n. collector number: 14629 Hawaii BISH 4/30/2011
83 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo On various substrates. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Paul, D. s.n. Hawaii BISH 3/1/1993
84 Alstonia macrophylla E. Maui, Kihei, Kamaole, Lioholo Pl. HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Maui HAPI 4/5/2007
85 Alstonia macrophylla East Maui, Kihei, Kamaole, Lioholo Pl HUMAN_OBSERVATION Big Island Invasive Species Committee (BIISC) Maui HAPI 4/5/2007
86 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, above University of Hawaii at Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/2/2016
87 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 1/5/2011
88 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, above University of Hawaii at Hilo HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/2/2016
89 Alstonia macrophylla - PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & N. Agorostis 14629 Hawaii HAPI 4/30/2011
90 Alstonia macrophylla Off of Likelike Hwy Growing with Dicranopteris linearis, Schefflera actinophylla, Psidium cattleianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Souza, D. s.n. Oahu BISH 4/11/2003
91 Alstonia macrophylla PRESERVED_SPECIMEN daehler, c. collector number: 1058 Hawaii BISH 2/23/2005
92 Alstonia macrophylla living collections of waimea arboretum & botanical gardens, haleiwa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN orr, d. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 3/11/1993
93 Alstonia macrophylla South Hilo District, Waiakea, Keaukaha Military Reservation Growing along jeep road through mixed native/exotic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. Collector Number: 9783a Hawaii BISH 7/5/1996
94 Alstonia macrophylla lawai valley: lawai-kai. koloa district Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 3320 Kauai BISH 4/13/1989
95 Alstonia macrophylla west maui, wailuku district, kahakuloa, camp maluhia High intertidal lava rock in between Middle Reef and West Reef PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 9810 Kauai BISH 1/21/1997
96 Alstonia macrophylla Pepeekeo; mauka of Hwy 19 directly across from the Hilo Processing Co. quarry site, near entrance to D. Carlsmith estate In pasture land with exotics such as guava; rose apple. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takiue, T. s.n. Hawaii BISH 2/25/1991
97 Alstonia macrophylla wahiawa- kaukonahua stream, waihi farms. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oisc collector number: oisc2011112801 Hawaii BISH 11/28/2011
98 Alstonia macrophylla south hilo district, waiakea, keaukaha military reservation Growing along jeep road through mixed native/exotic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 9783a Hawaii BISH 7/5/1996
99 Alstonia macrophylla off of likelike hwy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN souza, d. collector number: s.n. Kauai BISH 4/11/2003
100 Alstonia macrophylla Psidium cattleianum forest, along trail to second (upper) waterfall, above Lyon Arboretum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Daehler, C. 1058 Oahu BISH 2/23/2005
101 Alstonia macrophylla West Maui, Wailuku District, Kahakuloa, Camp Maluhia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 9810 Maui BISH 1/21/1997
102 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo District, South Hilo District, forest banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & N. Agorostis 14629 Hawaii US 4/30/2011
103 Alstonia macrophylla Lawai Valley. Cultivated plants of Lawai-Kai. Along tour route road just N of Phoenix House hill. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 3320 Kauai PTBG 4/13/1989
104 Alstonia macrophylla Lawai Valley. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Allerton Garden. Along tour route just N of Phoenix House. Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 7358 Kauai PTBG 8/8/2007
105 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo, forested banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church. Secondary non-native vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14629 Hawaii PTBG 4/30/2011
106 Alstonia macrophylla hilo district, south hilo district, forest banks of ponahowai road, opposite mormon church. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & n. agorostis 14629 Hawaii US 4/30/2011
107 Alstonia macrophylla Hilo District, South Hilo District, forest banks of Ponahowai Road, opposite Mormon Church. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Agorostis, N. 14629 Hawaii US 4/30/2011
108 Alstonia macrophylla Living collections of Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Gardens, Haleiwa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Orr, D. s.n. Oahu BISH 3/11/1993
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